Animation
One lithium ion traced through a full charge and discharge — out of the graphite galleries, across the electrolyte in its solvation shell, into the oxide lattice. Built for this work; the controls are live.
Two written explainers from the same work. Each opens as a page in the browser — nothing to install, nothing to download.
Three mechanisms of degradation in an NMC/graphite cell, from the protective film on graphite to failure of the whole pack. 164 frames.
What the instruments actually record when they judge a battery, and where the measurement itself introduces the disagreement between published studies. 168 frames.
Each piece ends with a list of what was checked against primary sources and what was not.
Last updated 17 September 2026
